Remote-sensing

Water-Leaving Reflectance (R_rs) refers to the fraction of sunlight that is reflected (or scattered) upward out of a water body and into the atmosphere after interacting with the water and…

Water quality indicators are physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological parameters used to assess the health and quality of water. These indicators provide insights into the suitability of water for various…

One of the most important things to understand about remote sensing data is the resolution of datasets. When deciding on a dataset to use and first approaching a problem, remote…

Terrigenous or benthic inputs refer to materials that originate from land (terrestrial sources) or the seafloor (benthic sources) and are transported into aquatic systems, particularly oceans and lakes. These inputs…

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) refers to small particles, both organic and inorganic, that are suspended in a liquid medium such as water. These particles remain dispersed in the water column…

Several important bio-optical models have been developed to describe the interactions between light and the biological and optical properties of natural waters. These models are foundational in aquatic remote sensing,…

Reflection vs Irradiance 1. Reflection **Definition**: Reflection refers to the portion of light (or electromagnetic radiation) that bounces off a surface when it strikes it. **Key Characteristics**: - **Nature**: It…

The terms reflectance and attenuation both describe different interactions between light (or other electromagnetic radiation) and a medium. Here’s how they differ: 1. Reflectance Definition: Reflectance is the fraction or…

Radiance and Irradiance 1. Radiance (L) **Definition**: Radiance describes the amount of light energy traveling in a specific direction from a given area. **Key Characteristics**: - **Units**: Watts per square…